2020-07-10
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Chesmensky fight he most difficult...
In continuation of the victorious events of the beginning of the EIGHTEENTH century, Russia intensified the struggle for sea domination. After more than half a century, the focus of their activities was the black sea direction, a promised political and economic benefits. The struggle was difficult, as the Ottoman Empire had in the region of solid positions and give them not going to.
The historiography of Ottoman Empire attributed the defeat of the Turkish fleet in the Russo-Turkish war of 1768-1774 'definition of the Supreme God'. However, judging by the unfolding events, the role played and some other factors. To put the Turks worthy opponents, formed from experienced ships of the Baltic fleet, the Russian squadron under the command of Admiral G. spiridov made an incredible voyage around Europe. This event was named first Archipelago of the expedition, which among others was attended by the ships 'Postman', is depicted on stamp of the USSR 1987.
The Turkish fleet was considered at the time of troubles is invincible. The brighter looks of the triumph of the Russian squadron, which is twice smaller than the enemy. Besides, we must not forget that the Turks were under cover of coastal artillery, and knew the terrain.
In the night of June 25 (July 6) on June 26 (July 7), 1770 the fight was hard, and the result is a horrifying but inevitable. Thanks to the brilliant actions of the Russian Navy Turkish ships were locked in Chesma Bay, where they were burned. The loss of the Ottoman Empire amounted to that night more than 2/3 of the personnel (10 thousand people) in contrast to the 11 people from the Russian side (!).
The historic victory of the Russian Empire praised by his contemporaries and perpetuated for centuries. Participants in the battle received many awards, including medals of great interest to collectors. To have survived some preserved of 5000 pieces minted medals 'In commemoration of the burning at Cesme the Turkish fleet'. The awards were cast in silver, got them all the lower ranks, and on behalf of Her Imperial Majesty Catherine II wearing had a blue ribbon in his buttonhole'. On the blue turn-down collar of today's sailors and petty officers of the Navy one of the white stripes symbolize victory in the battle of Chesma.
The events of those distant days have represented in the great paintings of Aivazovsky. Thanks to his genius today, we can visualize the details of the battle, to admire and enjoy is transferred to the atmosphere.
In honor of 250-th anniversary of the victory of Chesma Russia has put into circulation the jubilee block, which shows the painting 'the Battle in the Chios Strait'. Its the artist painted almost a century later.
And with the block in turn introduced FDCs.
In 2006, at the request of Armenia and the mint of Poland minted 5,000 copies of the commemorative silver coin dedicated to Ivan Aivazovsky. Its reverse depicts a portrait of the great painter of seascapes in the background of a fragment of his famous painting 'battle of Chesma'. The original edition is that all instances of a nominal value of 100 drams have exclusive rectangular form, like the canvases of the master.
The 300-year anniversary of the battle commemorative coin, the reverse of which is placed a portrait of G. spiridov. It is the Admiral belonged to a successful battle plan, by which the Turkish fleet was completely defeated and destroyed.
A personal memory of the participants of those distant events immortalized on stamps and postcards. Admiral Grigory Spiridov also depicted on the stamp issue in 1987.
Spectacular panorama of sea battle can be found on postcards. It belongs brush Aivazovsky is his famous battle scenes of 'Battle in Chios Strait' and 'battle of Chesma'.
Another painter, an English landscape painter of the XVIII - early XIX centuries, Jakob Philipp Hackert, a favorite theme of his creative chose the events of 1770. One of his paintings - 'preparing for the attack of the Turkish fleet in the Chesma Bay on the night of 26 June 1770' - played on Russian postal hitch 1995.
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